The Technical University of Denmark (DTU) has officially announced a massive recruitment drive for 2026, offering 114 PhD and academic open positions for international researchers. As one of Europe’s leading technical institutions, DTU is a prime destination for those seeking a fully funded PhD in Denmark. These roles are highly attractive because, unlike many other countries, PhD positions at DTU are treated as professional employment, providing a competitive Denmark PhD salary and comprehensive social benefits. Whether you are an aspiring researcher or an established scholar looking for faculty jobs in Denmark, DTU offers a vibrant, innovative environment to advance your career. Explore our detailed guide below to find the latest academic vacancies in Denmark and start your application today.
At DTU Energy, we are seeking an experienced Development Engineer to provide vital support in DTU Energy. This position focuses on supporting the development of advanced ceramic and metallic components used in energy conversion devices, such as fuel cells, batteries, and electrolysis technologies, as part of the green transition.
DTU Offshore søger en studentermedhjælper til at understøtte arbejdet med energirelaterede projekter. DTU Offshore søger en studentermedhjælper til at understøtte arbejdet med energirelaterede projekter.
Finished with an MSc in math, but not quite done learning? Are you ready to take the first steps into Applied Mathematics research? Are you curious, ambitious, persistent and quality focused? then this PhD position may be just right for you. We will support you in developing the right research competencies for a career in industry or academia. We offer a PhD journey for three years that will be challenging and rewardable with lots of freedom, support and international collaboration.
The DTU National Food Institute is seeking highly motivated applicants for a PhD scholarship focused on biofortification and bioavailability of vitamin D. We invite you to apply for the position and to join the dynamic research teams of the MSCA Doctoral Network MICROSUNSET – Micronutrient in a nutritious and sustainable diet.
The DTU National Food Institute is seeking highly motivated applicants for a PhD scholarship focused on development and application of analytical tools for studies on mineral blinding and accessibility in plant-based foods. We invite you to apply for the position and to join the dynamic research teams of the MSCA Doctoral Network MICROSUNSET – Micronutrient in a nutritious and sustainable diet.
The DTU National Food Institute is having a PhD scholarship in analytical chemistry and mineral accessibility in plant-based foods – part of a MSCA Doctoral Network on micronutrients in sustainable and nutritious diet. We invite you to apply for the position and to join the dynamic research teams of the MSCA Doctoral Network MICROSUNSET – Micronutrient in a nutritious and sustainable diet.
Vil du være med til at understøtte vores dygtige forskere, der beskæftiger sig med miljømæssig og bæredygtig udnyttelse af havets ressourcer, med daglig IT-support?
DTU Construct søger en værktøjsmager / maskinarbejder. Vi har en moderne maskinpark, hvor vi bl.a. afholder værkstedskursus for ingeniørstuderende; kurset læner sig op ad industri 4.0. Vi har et bredt udvalg af de nyeste CNC maskiner.
Do you want to shape the digital backbone of the green energy transition by enabling grid operators, forecast providers, and aggregators to privately and securely share data and unlock its value for a decarbonized energy system? We invite you to apply for one of the two fully funded, 3-year PhD positions on privacy-preserving data sharing for future energy systems.
Vil du være med til at drive større forsknings- og innovationsprogrammer inden for sundhedsmedicin og -teknologi? Vi søger en forskningsfaglig medarbejder som kan understøtte vores forskningsmiljøer, herunder bidrage til at formulere strategier for forskningsinitiativer, facilitere fundraising samt koordinere større programmer der adresserer nogle af sundhedsvæsenets allerstørste udfordringer.
Are you interested in joining our mission to ensure high quality analytical services to our customers? Do you enjoy maintaining equipment and keeping the laboratory functional and organized? Then you might be our next Laboratory Technician within the Biofoundry at BRIGHT.
The Department of Technology, Management and Economics at DTU invites applications for a PhD student position on the topic “machine learning for decision making under uncertainty”
We are looking for a skilled and experienced project manager who will play central role in coordination of complex multi-partners research projects in the areas of biofuels, bioenergy and biorefinery. The period of employment is 2 years.
Would you like to work with designing novel vaccines and vaccination strategies? We are looking for a PhD-student to examine the vaccine-induced immune response in fish mainly by use of transcriptomics and also to work on development and testing of innovative vaccination concepts for farmed fish.
Project on a closed-loop microneedle patch for Parkinson’s disease, integrating real-time L-DOPA sensing with transdermal drug delivery. The research combines biosensors, smart hydrogels, microneedles, and wireless control for personalized therapy.
Are you passionate about food processing, food physics, and enabling high-quality research through strong scientific leadership and hands-on expertise? We are seeking a highly motivated and experienced Research Manager to join the Research Group for Food Production Engineering at DTU National Food Institute.
The candidates are expected to develop the methodology to detect “death” phenotypes in yeasts, identifying novel genetic factors involved in such, and which cell death modes are triggered by process conditions and/or which are triggered depending on the substrate utilized during the fermentation.
If you are looking for extending your experience in heat treatment and surface engineering of structural materials in a leading innovative research environment, this might be the opportunity for you.
Har du lyst til at arbejde med den kommercielle del af universitetsverdenen? Befinder du dig godt med mange forskellige opgaver og i en hverdag, hvor der hele tiden sker nye ting? Så er det måske dig, vi leder efter som studentermedhjælper til DTU Learn for Life.
We are looking for a structured and independent person to help us with our carbon capture and power-to-x gas cleaning projects. CERE studies and develops the next generation gas cleaning, and we are working together with national and international project partners. The average weekly working hours are 7.4.
NanoPhoton is an interdisciplinary research center that brings together several departments at DTU and is supported by a Center grant from the Danish National Research Foundation. It offers a highly collaborative and international research environment at the forefront of nanophotonics. We are now seeking several highly motivated PhD students with strong academic records who are eager to contribute to this rapidly developing field. Our research spans multiple disciplines, and we welcome applicants with backgrounds or interests in areas such as quantum optics, nanofabrication, mathematical optimization, laser physics, integrated photonics, condensed matter physics, and spectroscopy.
The position is at the SurfCat section at the Department of Physics at the Technical University of Denmark. Here we enjoy a social, open and transparent scientific environment.
Do you want to establish or further develop your career as a computer scientist in an international, research-centred technical university? Do you want to contribute to the education of new generations of computer scientists and engineers? You may find your place as an associate professor or tenure-track assistant professor in the Software Systems Engineering Section at DTU Compute.
Are you passionate about quantum physics and the application in cutting edge technologies? Do you enjoy tackling experimental challenges, pushing the frontiers of physical observations? And would you like to play a key role in advancing quantum science and technology research at DTU?
Are you passionate about how to train university students for neutron-based investigation at the European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund? Do you want to research how students learn via digital twins to replace hands-on training? Do you want to engage in a career within didactics of STEM education?
The section for Autonomous Materials Discovery (AMD) at DTU Energy is looking for an outstanding candidate for a PhD scholarship within the field of atomic scale modelling of magnetic superlattices for tuneable electrocatalysis.
If you have a good journalist/media network and know how to translate complex science into engaging narratives – you may be the one we are looking for, for this exciting position. You can look forward to a good work environment, a lot of impact on your tasks and the motivating goal of a sustainable planet to guide your work.
As part of our Novo Nordisk Foundation Challenge Grant Energy Materials for the GUT (EMGUT), we are seeking a highly motivated PhD student to advance the development and testing of ingestible devices powered by novel energy‑generating materials such as triboelectric generators.
This postdoctoral position involves the design and development of nanomaterial-based biosensors for the ultra-early detection of cancer, as well as nanoformulation-based cancer therapeutics.
Coastal Ecology is hiring a skilled and field-ready researcher with a passion for marine monitoring using many different methods and techniques ranging from diver observations to integrating remote sensing and autonomous systems into geospatial analysis. The position is a 1 year Postdoc at DTU Aqua in Lyngby, but with extended fieldwork in Nykøbing Mors.
We are looking for a project manager who can facilitate our growing project portfolio, which includes software development, international collaboration and coordination, as well as delivering quality process support in the operations of our HPC services. The workplace will be either at the DTU office at the DTU Campus in Lyngby or at the Aarhus office at the Aarhus University Campus.
Bliv en central del af DTU Campus Service i et 18 måneders barselsvikariat som ejendomsadministrator, hvor du arbejder tæt på drift, udvikling og god service i en moderne Facility Managementorganisation.
Are you passionate about supporting early-stage technology startups? Do you enjoy coaching young entrepreneurs, facilitating workshops, and helping new ideas grow? And would you also like to contribute to DTU’s collaboration with the Danish fintech ecosystem? Then this might be the right job for you.
Innovation Partner to support and accelerate research based hard-tech startups. Are you passionate about building technology-based startups and motivating researchers to engage in impact entrepreneurship? Do you have experience with commercialization of hard tech? Are you driven by working in and with teams towards a common goal? Then this might be the right opportunity for you.
PhD position in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry/oligosaccharide synthesis. Join our team working on synthesis of the plant cell wall glycan rhamnogalacturonan II. Independence and a strong background in synthetic organic chemistry is required – experience with carbohydrate chemistry is an advantage.
A tenure-track Assistant Professor in Glycobiology and Extracellular Vesicle Engineering is available in the Biotherapeutic Glycoengineering and Immunology research group at the Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (DTU Bioengineering). The group drives biomedical and therapeutic development.
Converting waste heat to electricity is key in improving green technologies such as electrolysis. This waste heat conversion can be done with thermoelectric generators, especially if these can be integrated into existing heat exchangers. We seek a postdoc to model such thermoelectric generators for the design of a novel heat exchanger and to compare the model to a realized prototype.
Join our team to advance computational and experimental electrochemical CO₂ capture technologies, combining modeling, data-driven design, and laboratory validation to develop sustainable carbon management solutions.
Postdoc position in protein design and experimental validation targeting sperm and oocytes. Work on de novo proteins in fertilisation-related assays within an interdisciplinary NNF-funded project combining protein design and reproductive biology at DTU Bioengineering.
The Center for Visualizing Catalytic Processes (VISION) at the Technical University of Denmark is offering Postdoc positions in 2026 focused on nanoparticle catalysis using advanced operando electron microscopy.
Join our dynamic research group and be part of a team that will investigate how the utilization of microbial metabolites or targeted regulation of gut microbial activity can prevent the development of cardiometabolic diseases.
Join DTU Energy as a postdoc to advance solid oxide electrolysis (SOEC) technology and contribute to the green energy transition. We are seeking one new colleague to improve the durability and performance of SOEC cells and stack components for operation under technologically relevant conditions.
As Data Analyst for SEAFAIRER, you will support a major Horizon Europe Innovation Action to develop climate-positive biofuels for maritime transport. Your role will be important to support the development of a model-based decision-support tool.
If you are establishing your career as a robotics scientist and engineer and want to work at the cutting edge of autonomous robotic manipulation in harsh, unstructured environments, this position offers a unique opportunity. You will work with real robots, real sensors, and real physical interaction problems, contributing directly to the development of autonomous mining systems capable of operating underground with minimal human intervention.
If you are an ambitious researcher looking to further your career in environmental science, groundwater systems, and pore-scale experimentation, we invite you to join us as a Postdoc at the Center for Energy Resources Engineering (CERE), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU).
Are you a skillful and ambitious PhD graduate interested in kicking off your academic career in a renowned research group leading in the field of thermodynamics with a strong scientific and industrial network?
PhD position within a new long-term project funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation concerned with the development of novel computational methods for simulating chemical properties inherent to covalent bonds.
Help DTU students connect and learn with fellow students from top European technical universities in the EuroTeQ Engineering University. DTU Partnerships seeks a structured, proactive student assistant to support communication activities in relation to e.g. the Course Catalogue and the Collider.
The Cryptography Group at the CSE Section of DTU is inviting applications for a 3-year PhD position, starting on 1 September 2026. We are looking for a talented and motivated candidate to contribute to advancing the state of the art in secure multi-party computation and zero-knowledge proof especially in the post-quantum setting.
The Center for Energy Resources Engineering (CERE) within the Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering of the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) welcomes aspiring candidates with polished skills to expand the field of molecular thermodynamics for water and electrolyte systems.
We are looking for a PhD student who wants to join the cryptography group in the CSE Section at DTU. The successful candidate will work on the ACPA project in the field of Post-Quantum Anonymous Credentials. The position will start on 1 August 2026 or later.
2 Postdoc positions are available in the area of sustainable recombinant protein manufacturing using yeast species as cell factories. The postdocs will work in an exciting academic/industrial collaboration between DTU and Novo Nordisk and reach the goals by cutting-edge high-throughput technologies.
The department of chemistry at the Technical University of Denmark is seeking highly motivated candidates for a PhD scholarship in the field of data-driven modelling for catalytic organometallic reactions.
One PhD position is available as part of a DFF Sapere Aude-funded project in Associate Professor Kasper Heintz’ group at DTU Space to work on observational projects on star and galaxy formation in the early Universe with cutting-edge data from JWST and ALMA.
One postdoctoral position is available as part of a DFF Sapere Aude-funded project in Associate Professor Kasper Heintz’ group at DTU Space to work on observational projects on star and galaxy formation in the early Universe with cutting-edge data from JWST and ALMA.
We are seeking a candidate for a 3-year PhD project as part of the EU-funded project “CommUnity Power”. The project seeks to support the development of energy communities in the Øresund-region by gathering municipalities, universities and local communities, who work with a range of pilot projects to create a solid knowledge base and develop methods and tools that can strengthen inclusive and just energy community development across the region.
Antimicrobial resistance is among the biggest challenges for human and animal health. The GloCaB Research Group at the DTU National Food Institute acts as Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance and you can become part of this.
The Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology at DTU National Food Institute is seeking a postdoc in AI-prediction of pathogen potential of bacteria and viruses. Apply now!
Could you imagine designing clusters for catalyzing chemical reactions through atomic-scale visualizations? The Center for Visualizing Catalytic Processes (VISION) is offering a PhD positions for experimental research in nanoparticle catalysis using advanced operando electron microscopy.
Fungal Biology and Biosolutions at DTU Bioengineering? Join DTU’s leading mycology environment and leverage its unique fungal strain collection to develop biosolutions for agriculture, food, and medicine.
PhD position within Immunoinformatics with the aim of boosting performance epitope prediction by developing refined machine learning methods tailored to immune-receptors
If you are interested in aquaculture physiology – specifically related to carbon dioxide in production systems, fish metabolism, kidney function and acid-base regulation, then this 3-year postdoctoral position might be of interest.
The PhD project will enhance existing electro-thermo-mechanical modelling of resistance spot welding by: 1) computational fluid dynamics for simulating melt pool dynamics; 2) microstructural simulation of grain sizes and morphology after solidification; and 3) simulation of metallurgical phase transformations at microscale.
Vil du arbejde i krydsfeltet mellem projektledelse af outreach, High-Level Visits og strategisk relationsarbejde på et af Danmarks førende universiteter? Brænder du for at planlægge og gennemføre komplekse aktiviteter med mange interessenter – både internt og eksternt? Så er du måske vores nye kollega i Stakeholder Management i Afdelingen for Policy og Relationer på DTU.
Vi søger en ansvarsbevidst og serviceminded servicemedarbejder til vores administrationsteam. Din primære opgave bliver at varetage instituttets varemodtagelse i samarbejde med anden medarbejder, sørge for forsendelser og sikre, at varer og materialer fordeles til de rette områder. Stillingen omfatter også praktiske opgaver, der understøtter den daglige drift på DTU Energi.
We are searching for an excellent experimentalist for a 18-month postdoc position to drive a project aiming to develop resource-efficient programmable photonic circuits in ultrafast Pockels materials. The project involves a collaboration between DTU Electro and Harvard University.
DTU Nanolab has an open position for a Head of Process Engineering. We are looking for an experienced nanofabrication manager able to match DTU Nanolab’s capabilities with industry and academic demands for new technology and expertise.
Unwanted immunogenicity is a critical problem for protein therapeutics. Methods to predict this event are of high importance for drug development. In this postdoc position, you will work on developing tools for prediction of T cell activation of MHC antigen presented peptides
Vil du være med til at understøtte meritopgaven på DTU og bidrage til at DTU uddanner globale ingeniører i verdensklasse? Afdelingen for Uddannelse og Studerende (AUS) søger en ny kollega til sagsbehandling af merit, som skal hjælpe os i vores fortsatte ambition om at sikre, at vores studerende let vil kunne tage en del af deres uddannelse på en anden institution – både i Danmark og i udlandet. Der er tale om en deltidsstilling, hvor den gennemsnitlige ugentlige arbejdstid er 30 timer.
How do PFAS affect different life stages of mussels? What influence does the climate gradient from Spain to Greenland have on the effects? If you have experience in experimental biology and are interested in pursuing a PhD at the interface of marine biology, oceanography and ecotoxicology, apply for this position!
This PhD position focuses on reinforcement learning for policy discovery in APEX (Novo Nordisk Foundation). Develop uncertainty-aware, multi-objective RL to test adaptive climate/sustainability policies using fast ML metamodels of sectoral simulators (transport/energy/etc.). DTU Management, ITS.
The section for Computational Atomic-scale Materials Design (CAMD) at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU), is seeking an outstanding and highly motivated candidate for a PhD position within the area of ab initio many-body theory with applications to excitons in complex 2D van der Waals materials. The position is funded via a EuroTech Alliance Stipend and involves collaborations with the experimental group of Andras Kis at EPFL.
Are you interested in developing tomorrow’s food fermentation technology? At DTU National Food Institute we are looking for a skilled and motivated person that is interested in harnessing microorganisms for sustainable production of nutritious fermented foods.
The Bioconversions group at DTU Chemical Engineering invites for applications for a position as a Post-Doctoral Researcher with a proven track record in the fields of anaerobic biotechnology, microbial ecology, microbial physiology and molecular biology.
Join DTU Energy as a junior academic employee working with modelling and simulation of thermal energy storage and its integration into larger energy and process systems within international research projects.
We seek a motivated PhD candidate for historic studies on Danish commercial fisheries from an ecological and quantitative perspective. The research will focus on fisheries catch data and effort components, aiming to reconstruct historical fish baselines and address shifting baseline issues. The candidate will join a collaborative team, offering great networking opportunities.
Vil du være med til at forme fremtidens processer i et af vores største digitaliseringsprojekter? Brænder du for at facilitere processer og motivere mennesker? Og har du lyst til at stå i spidsen for en vigtig digital transformation af det studieadministrative område? Så er du måske vores nye kollega.
Are you passionate about information security and excited by the new possibilities unlocked by quantum technologies? We are seeking two exceptional postdoctoral researchers to develop novel protocols and create efficient analytical tools for semi-device-independent quantum cryptography. Your work will involve leveraging symmetries and representation theory to address scenarios that are currently beyond reach.
DTU Biblioteks multimediefunktion, DTU Media Lab, udvides med endnu én kollega, og derfor søger vi en engageret og teknisk orienteret kollega til mange varierede multimedieproduktioner til DTU.
If you are passionate about theoretical chemistry/physics and curious about its potential application to molecular quantum technology, this is the position for you. You must have a solid foundation and interests in quantum chemistry, applied mathematics, programming, and computer simulations.
If you are motivated by finding sustainable energy solutions for society, especially for arctic communities that want to develop industry and welfare where infrastructure is limited, you could be the PhD student we need.
We are looking for 2 student assistants to join our communications team at DTU Wind and Energy Systems. Get front row access to technology development for the green transition and help us communicate it.
Ønsker du at skabe værdi for DTU’s forskere, administratorer, projektøkonomer mv. på tværs af DTU’s mangfoldige indsatsområder gennem deltagelse i udmøntning og fortolkning af bevillingsgiveres regler i et økonomisk perspektiv?
Are you interested in working at the intersection of optimal control, AI algorithms, and game theory, on problems that matter for real-world critical infrastructure? This PhD position offers the opportunity to develop strong competencies in multi-agent systems, learning and optimization, while addressing a timely and high-impact challenge: the growing use of AI agents in electricity markets.
PhD project using metabolic engineering, analytics, machine learning and fermentation to develop tasty, sustainable microbial meat alternatives in collaboration with DTU and University of Queensland, including a 3–6 month stay abroad.
DTU and Lonza in UK are seeking a Laboratory Technician / Scientist Bioassay to join its team based in Cambridge as part of a three-year project focused on immunogenicity prediction models. The position is for an exceptional experimentalist with a strong foundation in human immunology and cell-based bioassays.
The Research IT-Infrastructure group at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) is currently looking for two Linux administrators ideally with an academic background. The main task is administrating and maintaining our Ceph storage system and our Private Cloud solution, but you will also work together with our HPC- and data management team, including contributions to relevant open-source projects in this area.
Decode molecular adsorption in porous materials (MOFs/COFs/carbon) with advanced microscopy & spectroscopy. Reveal host-guest interactions and site chemistry at single‑molecule resolution and link atomic‑scale insights to performance across separations, catalysis, and sensing.
Are you worried about the coastal regions in an era of climate change and plastic pollution? Do you want to play a part in the development of a novel numerical model that can shed light on these societal challenges? Then this Postdoc position is for you.
PhD in scientific machine learning focused on physics‑informed models. Work with unique synchrotron imaging data and simulations to predict metal behavior. Join a leading, international team at DTU working at the forefront of materials physics.
DTU søger en regnskabsmedarbejder til Koncernøkonomi – Team Anlæg, hvor du får ansvar for indkøb, registrering, afstemning og rapportering af anlægsaktiver. Vil du være med til at styre DTU’s milliardstore anlægsportefølje og udvikle fremtidens digitale økonomiafdeling? Hos os får du spændende opgaver, stor fleksibilitet og mulighed for faglig udvikling på et teknisk eliteuniversitet.
A postdoctoral research position in organic chemistry focusing on the design and development of new small molecule therapeutics to treat the vision threatening disease age-related macular degeneration. The position is in the ocular drug delivery group at DTU Health Tech.
A 2-year fully funded Postdoc position is available in the Electronics group at DTU Electro. The project is a part of project H3PMAG funded by ERC Consolidator grant from the European Research Council.
We are hiring a postdoc with experience in Coding Theory and algebraic curves (LRC Codes and algebraic function fields). This 2 years position is part of the project CREATE “Algebraic curves in information theory: a treasure yet to discover”, which aims to exploit the full potential of algebraic curves in relation with MRD and LRC codes.
Develop risk-based maintenance models for wind turbines by combining structural analysis, SHM and SCADA data into digital-twin tools. The project optimises inspection planning and validates results with industrial partners.
Join us to develop and implement advanced experimental approaches to investigate AI-based enzyme loop design for improved enzymatic carbohydrate synthesis.
If you are eager to advance the transition toward sustainable energy systems and are passionate about carbon capture research, this position offers you the opportunity to make a real impact. At DTU Chemical Engineering, you will join a dynamic research environment at CERE (Centre for Energy Resources Engineering), working at the forefront of solvent development for CO2 capture.
DTU Construct seeks a Postdoc to join 3D-CIRCULAR, a project strengthening Europe’s green and digital transformation. Join a team advancing higher education in alignment with the EU Green Deal and Digital Europe by embedding digital services, platforms, and IT skills into educational ecosystems.
Join our ATHENA (Artificial Intelligence Towards Holistic Evaluation of Skin Nanotexture Alterations) project developing advanced skin diagnostic tools! We’re seeking a skilled postdoc to lead the development of high-speed dermal atomic force microscope (HS-DAFM) control software and signal processing systems. In this role, you’ll create LabVIEW, C++ or Python based solutions for cutting-edge nanotexture imaging technology that will change dermatological diagnostics across multiple skin conditions. This position offers an exceptional opportunity to bridge hardware engineering with medical applications while working with an international, multidisciplinary team spanning five countries. If you’re passionate about creating impactful biomedical instrumentation with real clinical applications, this is your chance to make a difference in global healthcare.
Join DTU Electro as a Postdoc to advance integrated photonics for optical computing. Work with leading European partners on a high-precision computing architecture and contribute to cutting-edge PIC design, system integration, and demonstrations.
PhD scholarship exploring how Generative AI reshapes writing, learning, and education in STEM. The project examines changing student and institutional perceptions and practices as AI tools like chatbots and AI-tutors reconfigure what it means to read, write and learn. Qualitative research focus.
The Machine Learning in Photonic Systems group at DTU Electro at the Technical University of Denmark is seeking a candidate for a PhD position to research multiplexing in photonic integrated circuits for enhancing computing efficiency through parallelism.
The Machine Learning in Photonic Systems group at DTU Electro at the Technical University of Denmark is seeking a candidate for a PhD position to research multiplexing in photonic integrated circuits for enhancing computing efficiency through parallelism.
