Liver function tests include the measurement of some chemicals that is being metabolized or synthesized by the liver. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluation is required to assess the function of the liver. The qualitative evaluation of the liver function includes physical examination of the mucous membranes (Jaundice), physical examination of feces and urine and … Read more
Sodium, potassium and chloride are the three electrolytes most commonly considered, while bicarbonate is measured much less frequently. These ions are all freely diffusible throughout the entire ECF (plasma, interstitial fluid, lymph). The electrolytes are all normally present to vast excess in the diet, and in the healthy individuals this excess is simply excreted … Read more
It is known that all the cells contain the same DNA, but gene expression is different from one cell to another. The cells synthesize proteins that are proper for their function; however other genes that their outcomes have no function are suppressed. Each cell type has its own specific enzymes. The serum level of … Read more
Serum lipid profile include measurements of total lipids, phospholipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C). HDL-C transports cholesterol from cells to liver (anti-risky). LDL-C transport cholesterol to cells. VLDL-C transports triglycerides from the liver to cells. Lipids are insoluble in … Read more
Usually measured serum proteins include total proteins, albumin and globulins. The latter can be separated by electrophoresis into α-globulin, β-globulin and γ-globulins. Total proteins level measured in plasma is higher than that measured in serum, this because another protein present in plasma, which is fibrinogen. Commercially supplied kits are able to measure total proteins and … Read more
Calprotectin is a protein released by a type of white blood cell called a neutrophil. When there is inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, neutrophils move to the area and release calprotectin, resulting in an increased amount released into the stool. This test measures the amount of calprotectin in the stool as a way to detect inflammation in … Read more
The rheumatoid factor test is used to help diagnose rheumatoid arthritis, and to distinguish it from other forms of arthritis. The rheumatoid factor test also may be requested when a patient has symptoms suggesting Sjögren’s syndrome. Symptoms may include an extremely dry mouth and eyes, and joint and muscle pain. This test detects and measures rheumatoid … Read more
Glomerular filtration rate is a measure of how well your kidneys are working. Glomerular Filtration Rate refers to the amount of blood that is filtered by the glomeruli per minute. As kidney function declines due to damage or disease, the filtration rate decreases, and waste products begin to build up in the blood. The estimated glomerular filtration … Read more
Cystatin C is a relatively small protein that is produced throughout the body by all cells that contain a nucleus. and is found in a variety of body fluids, including the blood. It is produced, filtered from the blood by the kidneys, and broken down at a constant rate. This test measures the amount of cystatin C … Read more
This test measures the total amount of fructosamine (glycated protein) in the blood. The test is used to help monitor your blood glucose level over short, to help determine the effectiveness of changes to your diabetic treatment plan. Fructosamine is a compound that is formed when glucose combines with protein. Glucose molecules will permanently combine with proteins in the … Read more
It is known that all the cells contain the same DNA, but gene expression is different from one cell to another. The cells synthesize proteins that are proper for their function; however other genes that their outcomes have no function are suppressed. Each cell type has its own specific enzymes. The serum level of … Read more
