Clinical Chemistry
Liver enzymes
Liver enzymes are enzymes that found inside the hepatocytes (liver cells), which are released to the blood circulation when the liver cells are damaged during inflammation or infection by microorganism or parasite. There are different types of liver enzymes; the first is that group of enzymes that contained inside the hepatocytes only as Aspartate aminotransferase … Read more
Plasma proteins
Measured serum proteins include total proteins, albumin and globulin. The latter can be separated by electrophoresis into α-globulin, β-globulin and γ-globulin. Total proteins level measured in plasma is higher than that measured in serum, this because another protein present in plasma, which is fibrinogen. Commercially supplied kits are able to measure total proteins and albumin … Read more
Glucose Tolerance Test
Glucose tolerance test is one of the tests that used for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by recurrent hyperglyaemia associated with glucosuria, polyuria and polydepsia. Their are two types of glucose tolerance test: Oral Glucose tolerance test and intravenous glucose tolerance test. For oral glucose tolerance test: The patient must be fasted … Read more
Serum enzymes
Enzymes are specialized and very specific proteins, which catalyze various chemical reactions. Research work and application of clinical enzymology in medicine have been expanded rapidly, it plays an important role in diagnosis, prognosis and evaluation of different diseases and metabolic disorders (Bogin and Sommer, 1976). Most of the body enzymes are functioning intracellularly and are … Read more
Jaundice or Icterus Metabolism of bilirubin
Jaundice or icterus is defined as the yellowish pigmentation of skin and mucous membranes especially conjunctiva and sclera, as a consequence of increased blood bilirubin level. There are two forms of bilirubin in the blood circulation, which are direct or conjugated and indirect or unconjugated bilirubin. The increase of any one of them result in … Read more